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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(4): 1066-1070, ago. 2023. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514352

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: This study investigates the relationship between the second and fourth finger ratio (2D:4D), physicians' propensity to choose an internal or surgical branch, and sex differences. On a voluntary basis, 177 physicians working in Elazig, 122 men and 55 women were enrolled in the study. Their hands were measured for 2D and 4D lengths, and the 2D:4D ratio was computed. In female doctors, the left hand's 2D:4D ratio is 1.01, compared to the right hand's 1.00. Male doctors' right 2D:4D ratio is 0.99, while their left 2D:4D ratio is 1.00. Male physicians' 2D:4D ratios were different from those of men in the general population, whereas female physicians' 2D:4D ratios were comparable to those of women in the general population. As a result, this study was the first to examine the relationship between the ratio of the second and fourth fingers (2D:4D), physicians' tendency to choose an internal medicine or surgical branch, and sex differences. While the 2D:4D ratio was higher than 0.98 in all physicians, it was low in women who disliked their profession and branch. Since there aren't many studies on this subject, data from in-depth studies that will be conducted in the future will help physicians who choose internal medicine and surgery make more informed decisions.


Este estudio investiga la relación entre la proporción de los dedos segundo y cuarto (2D:4D), la propensión de los médicos a elegir una rama interna o quirúrgica y las diferencias de género. De forma voluntaria, se inscribieron en el estudio 177 médicos que trabajaban en Elazig, 122 hombres y 55 mujeres. Sus manos se midieron en longitudes 2D y 4D, y se calculó la relación 2D:4D. En las médicos mujeres, la relación 2D:4D de la mano izquierda es 1,01, en comparación con 1,00 de la mano derecha. La relación 2D:4D derecha de los médicos hombres fue 0,99, mientras que la relación 2D:4D izquierda fye 1,00. Las proporciones 2D:4D de los médicos hombres fueron diferentes de las de los hombres en la población general, mientras que las proporciones 2D:4D de las mujeres médicas fueron comparables a las de las mujeres en la población general. Como resultado, este estudio fue el primero en examinar la relación entre la proporción del segundo y cuarto dedo (2D:4D), la tendencia de los médicos a elegir una rama de medicina interna o quirúrgica y las diferencias de sexo. Mientras que la relación 2D:4D fue superior a 0,98 en todos los médicos, fue baja en las mujeres que no les gustaba su profesión y rama. Dado que no hay muchos estudios sobre este tema, los datos de estudios en profundidad que se realizarán en el futuro ayudarán a los médicos que eligen medicina interna y cirugía a tomar decisiones más informadas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Physicians/psychology , Choice Behavior , Fingers/anatomy & histology , Digit Ratios , General Surgery , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Sex Characteristics , Internal Medicine
2.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e278403, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1529212

ABSTRACT

A Comissão Consultiva em Avaliação Psicológica (CCAP) do Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), em seu 20º aniversário, vem discutir os possíveis efeitos, ainda efetivamente desconhecidos, da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) 3481, instruída no Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), a qual desestruturou o modo como os testes psicológicos eram comercializados no Brasil. A livre comercialização de testes psicológicos coloca em risco a segurança de avaliações psicológicas e cabe à categoria profissional pensar estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos. Neste artigo, são discutidos possíveis efeitos da ADI 3481 para a categoria profissional da psicologia, bem como para a sociedade em geral, e são também elencadas possíveis estratégias de enfrentamento desses riscos, sem desconsiderar aspectos éticos relacionados a eles. Dessa forma, busca-se neste manuscrito, além da problematização dos efeitos derivados da ADI 3481, pensar soluções ou alternativas que venham a redirecionar a trajetória da área da avaliação psicológica no Brasil. Com isso, abre-se um espaço de discussão e encaminhamentos que a categoria profissional precisará tomar nos próximos anos.(AU)


The Advisory Commission for Psychological Assessment of the Federal Council of Psychology discusses, on its 20th anniversary, the possible and still effectively unknown effects of the Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (DAU) 3481, following the Supreme Federal Court, which interrupted how psychological tests were marketed in Brazil. The free trade of psychological tests puts the safety of psychological assessments at risk, and this professional category must think of strategies to face these risks. This study discusses the possible effects of DAU 3481 for professional psychology and for society in general, listing possible strategies for coping with these risks without disregarding its ethical aspects. Thus, this study seeks to problematize the effects derived from DAU 3481 and think of solutions or alternatives that may redirect the trajectory of the field of psychological assessment in Brazil, thus opening a space for discussion and referrals professional psychology will require in the coming years.(AU)


La Comisión Consultiva en Evaluación Psicológica (CCEP) del Consejo Federal de Psicología (CFP), en su 20.º aniversario, propone discutir los posibles efectos aún efectivamente desconocidos de la Acción Directa de Inconstitucionalidad (ADI) 3481, determinada por el Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), por la cual trastornó la forma de comercializar las pruebas psicológicas en Brasil. La comercialización sin restricciones de las pruebas psicológicas pone en riesgo la seguridad de las evaluaciones psicológicas, y le corresponde a la categoría profesional pensar estrategias para enfrentar estos riesgos. En este artículo se discuten los posibles efectos de la ADI 3481 para la categoría profesional de la Psicología, así como para la sociedad en general, pero también se enumeran posibles estrategias para el enfrentamiento de estos riesgos, sin descuidar los aspectos éticos relacionados con ellos. Así, este manuscrito busca, además de problematizar los efectos derivados de la ADI 3481, pensar en soluciones o alternativas que puedan reconducir la trayectoria del campo de la evaluación psicológica en Brasil. Esto abre un espacio de discusión y derivaciones que la categoría profesional deberá tomar en los próximos años.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychological Tests , Psychology , Social Justice , Aptitude Tests , Politics , Poverty , Problem Solving , Professional Practice , Quality of Health Care , Safety , Social Control, Formal , Social Sciences , Societies , Specialty Boards , Systems Analysis , Teaching , Therapeutics , Choice Behavior , Mental Health , Control Groups , Reproducibility of Results , Health Status Indicators , Databases, Bibliographic , Decision Support Techniques , Investigative Techniques , Health Strategies , Civil Rights , Negotiating , Mental Competency , Clinical Competence , Disabled Persons , Total Quality Management , Collective Bargaining , Commerce , Communication , Confidentiality , Impacts of Polution on Health , Knowledge , Behavioral Disciplines and Activities , Decision Support Systems, Clinical , Handbook , Credentialing , Health Risk , Access to Information , Decision Making , Uncertainty , Government Regulation , Law Enforcement , Diagnosis , Employee Discipline , Equipment and Supplies , Disease Prevention , Ethics , Ethics, Professional , Professional Training , Data Accuracy , Ecological Momentary Assessment , Mentoring , Access to Essential Medicines and Health Technologies , Freedom , Health Occupations , Health Services Accessibility , Jurisprudence , Licensure , Methods
3.
Psicol. ciênc. prof ; 43: e254483, 2023. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1440795

ABSTRACT

Compreender as estratégias de resolução de conflitos utilizadas por adolescentes na relação com seus pais é fundamental para entender como ocorre seu desenvolvimento saudável. Este artigo investigou a resolução de conflitos de adolescentes em situações de confronto entre o seu domínio pessoal e o controle parental. 36 adolescentes com idades entre 15 e 17 anos, divididos igualmente conforme o sexo, responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, que continha quatro situações de conflito hipotéticas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo semântica e a testes não paramétricos. Os resultados foram categorizados em sete estratégias: Assunção de culpa, Submissão, Mentira, Hostilidade, Diálogo/Explicação, Negociação e Outra. A forma predominante de resolução utilizada foi o Diálogo/Explicação, considerada como uma forma recorrente de defender o domínio pessoal. Foram encontradas diferenças em relação ao sexo dos participantes e à situação hipotética. Por fim, os resultados são discutidos em termos de grau de autonomia e tipo de defesa do domínio pessoal.(AU)


Understanding the conflict resolution strategies used by adolescents in their relationship with their parents is fundamental to understanding how their healthy development occurs. This article investigated the resolution of conflicts by adolescents in confrontation situations between their personal domain and parental control. A total of 36 adolescents, aged 15 to 17 years, divided equally according to sex, answered a semi-structured interview that contained four hypothetical conflict situations. Data were subjected to semantic content analysis and non-parametric tests. The results were categorized into seven strategies: Assumption of Guilt, Submission, Lie, Hostility, Dialogue/Explanation, Negotiation, and Other. The predominant form of resolution used was Dialogue/Explanation, considered a recurrent form of defense of the personal domain. Differences were found depending on the participants' gender and the hypothetical situation. Finally, the results are discussed regarding the degree of autonomy and type of defense of the personal domain.(AU)


Enterarse de las estrategias de resolución de conflictos que los adolescentes utilizan en la relación con sus padres es fundamental para comprender cómo ocurre el desarrollo saludable de los adolescentes. A partir de una entrevista semiestructurada, presentamos cuatro situaciones hipotéticas de conflicto que fueron analizadas y respondidas por 36 adolescentes de entre 15 y 17 años, divididos según el género. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido semántico y a pruebas no paramétricas. Los resultados se categorizaron en siete estrategias de resolución de conflictos: Asunción de culpa, Sumisión, Mentira, Hostilidad, Diálogo/Explicación, Negociación y Otros. La forma de resolución más utilizada fue Diálogo/Explicación, y esta categoría fue una forma de defensa del dominio personal. Asimismo, se encontraron diferencias en función del género de los participantes y conforme la situación hipotética. Los resultados se discuten en términos de grado de autonomía y tipo de defensa del dominio personal.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Negotiating , Family Conflict , Anxiety , Orientation , Parent-Child Relations , Personal Satisfaction , Personality , Personality Development , Primary Health Care , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Psychosexual Development , Psychotherapy , Public Policy , Quality of Life , Role , Sex , Authoritarianism , Social Behavior Disorders , Social Change , Social Dominance , Social Environment , Socialization , Stereotyping , Stress, Psychological , Avoidance Learning , Taboo , Temperament , Temperance , Violence , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Career Choice , Attitude , Child Advocacy , Child Welfare , Choice Behavior , Mental Health , Puberty , Adolescent Behavior , Parenting , Intergenerational Relations , Codependency, Psychological , Interview , Communication , Comprehensive Health Care , Privacy , Adult , Sexuality , Conduct Disorder , Feedback, Psychological , Disclosure , Dangerous Behavior , Principle-Based Ethics , Decision Making , Harm Reduction , Moral Development , Dissent and Disputes , Trust , Friends , Adolescent Development , Sexual Development , Dominance-Subordination , Education , Educational Status , Ego , Emotions , Escape Reaction , Fear , Emotional Intelligence , Sense of Coherence , Forgiveness , Protective Factors , Social Norms , Emotional Adjustment , Underage Drinking , Peer Influence , Conservative Treatment , Perfectionism , Cell Phone Use , Incivility , Self-Management , Ethnocentrism , Freedom , Frustration , Psychological Distress , Social Integration , Empowerment , Transtheoretical Model , Disinformation , Social Cohesion , Citizenship , Gestalt Therapy , Family Support , Psychological Well-Being , Guilt , Happiness , Hormones , Hostility , Human Development , Human Rights , Identity Crisis , Individuation , Juvenile Delinquency , Anger , Leisure Activities , Life Change Events , Loneliness , Love , Deception , Morals , Narcissism , Object Attachment
4.
Int. j. high dilution res ; 21(1): 14-15, May 6, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, HomeoIndex | ID: biblio-1396579

ABSTRACT

The most common way of consuming nicotine is in tobacco cigarettes. Nicotine causes intense addiction. The National Cancer Institute coordinates and executes the Tobacco Control Program in Brazil, through actions that encourage the adoption of healthier lifestyles. In this context, homeopathy has used Heteroisotherapic medicines formulated according to the homeopathic pharmaceutical technology with scientific evidence of efficacy in the detoxification of substances and metals, and in the desensitization of foods or medicines. Aims Promote the importance of the cognitive-behavioral approach in combination with the homeopathic treatment against smoking. Methodology In the initial phase of the randomized double-blind clinical study (CEP / HUCFF / UFRJ 65622916.2.0000.5257), the effectiveness of the 6CH heteroisotherapeutic drug was assessed. Volunteers were recruited andin-person welcoming meetings, using the cognitive-behavioral approach, were carried out to inform them about the risks of smoking and the benefits of quitting. In addition, they were supported and guided during the smoking cessation process so that they could deal with the withdrawal syndrome, the psychological dependence and the constraints associated with smoking. Results and discussion84 participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria, and divided by randomization into two groups:the Test Group (heteroisotherapeutic medication) and the Control Group (homeopathic medication Nux vomica6CH).Both groups will be followed for 12 months. The combination of the following approaches has led to a significant increase in the cessation rate: I.Prepare the smoker for solving his own issues; II. Stimulate skills to resist temptations to smoke; III. Prepare to prevent relapse; IV. Prepare to deal with stress. Studies show that, regardless the duration of these approaches, there is an increase in the abstinence rate. Moreover, the longer the total approach time (frequency multiplied by the time spent on each contact), the higher the abstinence rate. On the other hand, from a total approach time of 90 minutes on, there is no further increase in the abstinence rate. ConclusionThe partial results obtained so far demonstrate that the cognitive-behavioral approach played a decisive role in the groups performance, favoring the treatment adherence as well as the group cohesion around the Project's objective, contributing to the effectiveness of the medicine, a decreased anxiety, improved sleep, cessation or decrease in the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the abstinence rate.


Subject(s)
Isotherapy , Homeopathic Therapeutics , Choice Behavior , Smoking Prevention
5.
African Journal of Disability ; 11(1): 1-10, 28/10/2022. Tables
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1399382

ABSTRACT

Ethiopia, as a State Party to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), has committed to upholding the rights of people with disabilities in Ethiopia. There is little evidence, however, reflecting the impact of this commitment on the lived experiences of people with disabilities in Ethiopia. Objectives: This study sought to uncover how the experiences of participation and activity shape the enactment of rights for Ethiopians with disabilities as enshrined in the UNCRPD. Method: Analysis of 25 qualitative interviews with people with disabilities and family members living in Ethiopia used a reflexive thematic analysis approach to arrive at central themes. Results: People with disabilities in Ethiopia experience marginalisation, distress and practical challenges in both routine daily activities and participation in broader social roles and opportunities. These experiences affect their ability to claim many of the rights afforded by the UNCRPD. Conclusion: Despite legislative efforts to bring about change in Ethiopia, people with disabilities continue to live on the social margins. A meaningful change will require substantial allocation of needed resources by the Ethiopian government to support national-level programmes and policy change. It is critical that people with disabilities and their families are engaged in receiving relevant support and serve as change leaders. Contribution: This study illustrates how marginalisation, distress and practical challenges in daily activities and social participation arise and are sustained for people with disabilities in Ethiopia. The findings can help to inform the country's efforts to enact the rights of Ethiopians with disabilities as enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities


Subject(s)
Inclusion Bodies , Choice Behavior , Disabled Persons , Disability-Adjusted Life Years , Life Change Events , Qualitative Research , Ethiopia
6.
Rev. cuba. ortop. traumatol ; 35(2): e258, 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1357331

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Existe una gran controversia con respecto a la existencia de un abordaje quirúrgico óptimo para artroplastia de cadera. El énfasis actual en la investigación ha sido examinar las posibles diferencias en los resultados funcionales entre el abordaje anterior y el abordaje posterior. Objetivo: Comparar las medidas de resultado informadas por los pacientes sometidos a artroplastia total de cadera, mediante abordajes anterior y posterior. Métodos: Se realiza una búsqueda sobre el tema en la base de datos PubMed entre los años 2010-2020 en inglés con los términos: comparación entre abordaje anterior y abordaje posterior de la cadera, abordaje anterior directo de la cadera, abordaje posterior de la cadera, y resultados de artroplastia de la cadera mediante abordajes anterior y posterior. Análisis y síntesis de la información: El abordaje anterior muestra una mayor mejora en la velocidad de la marcha, la longitud del paso y la simetría de la marcha, en comparación con el abordaje posterior para artroplastia de cadera al mes después de la operación. A los cuatro meses estas características de la marcha no fueron diferentes, pero los resultados de algunas pruebas funcionales fueron superiores en los pacientes intervenidos por abordaje anterior. Conclusiones: La elección del abordaje quirúrgico para artroplastia de cadera debe basarse en los factores del paciente, la preferencia del cirujano y su experiencia(AU)


Introduction: There is great controversy regarding the existence of an optimal surgical approach for hip arthroplasty. The current research emphasis has been to examine the possible differences in functional outcomes between anterior and posterior approaches. Objective: To compare the outcome measures reported by patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, using anterior and posterior approaches. Methods: A search is carried out on the subject in the PubMed database during the years 2010-2020, in English, with the terms comparison between anterior approach and posterior approach to the hip, direct anterior approach to the hip, posterior approach to the hip, and results of hip arthroplasty using anterior and posterior approaches. Analysis and synthesis of the information: The anterior approach showed greater improvement in gait speed, stride length and gait symmetry, compared to the posterior approach for hip arthroplasty one month after the operation. At four months, these gait characteristics were not different, but the results of some functional tests were superior in patients operated on by anterior approach. Conclusions: The choice of the surgical approach for hip arthroplasty should be based on the patient´s factors, preference of the surgeons and their experience(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip/methods , Surgical Procedures, Operative/methods , Choice Behavior
7.
Femina ; 49(6): 367-372, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1290580

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar os fatores associados à escolha da via de parto entre estudantes do curso de Medicina em uma universidade no Sul do país. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com estudantes de Medicina da Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina (Unisul) ­ Tubarão, no período de julho a novembro de 2019. Resultados: Fizeram parte da pesquisa 423 alunos, homens e mulheres, dos aproximadamente 600 matriculados no período. A maioria dos alunos considerou o parto vaginal (PV) mais seguro, e 44,1% dos estudantes escolheriam essa via para si/sua companheira. O principal motivo pelo qual os alunos escolheram PV foi a "alta hospitalar precoce", e o principal motivo que levou à escolha de cesariana (PC) foi a "ausência de dor durante o parto". Houve associação entre renda mais baixa e a escolha do PV (p = 0,002). A via de parto pela qual o estudante nasceu também se associou com a que ele escolheria (p = 0,001). Ademais, houve significância estatística entre a via de parto que o aluno considerou mais segura e a que ele de fato escolheria (p = 0,001). Todas as alunas que já tiveram filhos realizaram PC. Conclusão: O fator mais relevante de escolha do PC foi a "ausência de dor durante o parto", enquanto do PV foi "alta hospitalar precoce".(AU)


Objective: To identify the factors associated with the choice of birth delivery route among medical students at a university in the south of Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out with medical students from the University of Southern Santa Catarina (Unisul) ­ Tubarão, from July to November 2019. Results: Four hundred twenty three students took part in the research, men and women, out of the approximately 600 enrolled in the period. Most students considered vaginal delivery (VD) to be safer, and 44.1% of students would choose this route for their partner. The main reason why students chose VD was "early hospital discharge", and the main reason that led to the choice of cesarean section (CS) was "no pain during childbirth". There was an association between lower income and the choice of VD (p = 0.002). The route of delivery that the student was born was also associated with the one he would choose (p = 0.001). In addition, there was statistical significance between the route of delivery that the student considered safer with the one he would actually choose (p = 0.001). All female students who already had children underwent CS. Conclusion: The most relevant factor for choosing CS was "no pain during delivery", while for VD was "early hospital discharge".(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Students, Medical/statistics & numerical data , Choice Behavior , Parturition , Obstetrics/methods , Brazil , Cesarean Section/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Natural Childbirth/methods
8.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 55: 19, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1252111

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and perception of five models of front-of-package nutrition labeling (FOPNL) among Brazilian consumers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, which applied an online questionnaire to 2,400 individuals, allocated randomly into six study groups: a control group and five others exposed to FOPNL (octagon, triangle, circle, magnifier and traffic light), applied to nine products. We evaluated the understanding of nutritional content, the perception of healthiness, the purchase intention and the perception of Brazilian consumers on the models. RESULTS: All FOPNL models increased the understanding of the nutritional content and reduced the perception of healthiness and purchase intention, when compared with the control group (41.3%). FOPNL warning models — octagon (62.4%), triangle (61.9%) and circle (61.8%) — performed significantly better than the traffic light (55.0%) regarding the understanding of the nutritional content. The performance of the magnifier (59.5%) was similar to the other four tested models, including the traffic light (55.0%), for understanding nutritional content. The individual analysis of the products suggests a better performance of warnings in relation to the magnifier and the traffic light for the perception of healthiness and purchase intention. Consumers were favorable to the presence of FOPNL, perceiving it as reliable to increase the understanding to nutritional information. CONCLUSION: FOPNL must be implemented on food labels in Brazil, considering that it increases the nutritional understanding, reduces the perception of healthiness and the purchase intention of products with critical nutrients. Warnings showed a better performance when compared with other models.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho e a percepção de cinco modelos de rotulagem nutricional frontal (RNF) entre consumidores brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com aplicação de questionário online a 2.400 indivíduos, alocados de forma aleatória em seis grupos de estudo, sendo um controle e cinco expostos a modelos de RNF (octógono, triângulo, círculo, lupa e semáforo), aplicados a nove alimentos. Foi avaliado o entendimento do conteúdo nutricional, a percepção de saudabilidade, a intenção de compra e a percepção dos consumidores brasileiros sobre os modelos. RESULTADOS: Todos os modelos de RNF aumentaram o entendimento do conteúdo nutricional e reduziram a percepção de saudabilidade e a intenção de compra, quando comparados ao grupo controle (41,3%). Os modelos de RNF de advertência - octógono (62,4%), triângulo (61,9%) e círculo (61,8%) - apresentaram desempenho significativamente superior ao semáforo (55,0%) quanto ao entendimento do conteúdo nutricional. O desempenho do modelo da lupa (59,5%) não diferiu dos outros quatro modelos testados, inclusive do semáforo (55,0%), para o entendimento do conteúdo nutricional. A análise individual dos alimentos sugere melhor desempenho das advertências em relação à lupa e ao semáforo para a percepção de saudabilidade e a intenção de compra. Os consumidores manifestam-se favoráveis à presença da RNF, percebendo-a como confiável para aumentar o entendimento das informações nutricionais. CONCLUSÃO: A RNF deve ser implementada nos rótulos dos alimentos no Brasil, considerando que aumenta o entendimento nutricional, reduz a percepção de saudabilidade e a intenção de compra de alimentos com nutrientes críticos. As advertências apresentaram melhor desempenho quando comparadas aos demais modelos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Choice Behavior , Food Preferences , Perception , Brazil , Health Behavior , Cross-Sectional Studies , Consumer Behavior , Food Labeling , Nutritive Value
9.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 33: e219735, 2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1155193

ABSTRACT

Resumo O artigo analisa os sentidos que a ideia de controle do corpo e da vida adquire nos discursos acerca da decisão sobre o parto, a partir das falas de mulheres que realizaram cirurgia cesariana em maternidades privadas da região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro e do município de São Paulo. A abordagem teórico-metodológica é da análise das práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos. Dor, integridade corporal, controle dos riscos, estética do parto e os tempos (social e reprodutivo) são acionados como elementos contidos no ideário de controle que circunda a cesárea como uma prática de nascimento. Esse controle seria exercido em redes de interações entre mulheres, familiares, profissionais, objetos tecnológicos médicos e não médicos e instituições.


Resumen El artículo analiza los sentidos que la idea de control del cuerpo y de la vida adquiere en los discursos acerca de la decisión sobre el parto a partir de las palabras de mujeres que realizaron cirugía cesárea en maternidades privadas de la región metropolitana de Río de Janeiro y del municipio de São Paulo. El enfoque teórico-metodológico es del análisis de las prácticas discursivas y la producción de sentidos. El dolor, integridad corporal, control de los riesgos, estética del parto y los tiempos (social y reproductivo) son accionados como elementos contenidos em el ideario de control que circunda la cesárea como una práctica de nacimiento. Este control se ejerceren redes de interacción entre mujeres, familiares, profesionales, objetos tecnológicos médicos y no médicos, e instituciones.


Abstract This paper analyses the way that the idea of control of body and life gets in the discourse about the decision on childbirth from the speech of women who underwent cesarean surgery in private hospitals in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The theoretical-methodological approach is the analysis of discursive practices and the production of meanings. Pain, body integrity, risk control, birth aesthetics and times (social and reproductive) are triggered as elements contained in the control idea that surrounds cesarean delivery as a birth practice.This control would be exercised in interaction networks among women, family, professional, medical and non-medical technological objects, and institutions.


Subject(s)
Cesarean Section , Hospitals, Private , Human Body , Parturition , Labor Pain/psychology , Body Constitution , Choice Behavior
10.
Demetra (Rio J.) ; 16(1): 16;e59501, 2021. ^etab, ^eilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1434992

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar o tempo necessário para realizar escolhas alimentares com diferentes modelos de rotulagem nutricional frontal entre adultos brasileiros. Métodos: Foram realizadas entrevistas com 150 participantes, que foram orientados a escolher o produto mais saudável entre dois alimentos, sendo apresentados oito pares de imagens. Um dos produtos de cada par apresentava advertências (alto em açúcares, sódio ou gordura saturada), testados em formatos diferentes de acordo com o grupo no qual o indivíduo era alocado: lupa, octógono, círculo, triângulo e semáforo. Foram contabilizados o número de acertos do produto mais saudável em cada par e o tempo para escolha correta do produto mais saudável. Resultados: Observou-se menor número de acertos do produto mais saudável entre os pares com semáforo, em comparação com qualquer outro modelo (p<0,001), sendo este também o formato no qual se observou maior tempo necessário para escolher corretamente o produto mais saudável (p<0,001). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os demais formatos. Na análise individual dos produtos, o círculo teve melhor desempenho, sendo observado tempo significativamente menor para escolhas corretas em sete dos oito produtos. Conclusão: Para apoiar escolhas alimentares saudáveis, indica-se o uso de qualquer um dos formatos testados para a rotulagem nutricional frontal, exceto o do semáforo. O círculo aparenta ser uma boa opção para reduzir o tempo do consumidor frente a escolhas saudáveis.


Objective: to compare the time Brazilian adults required to make food choices with different models of front-of-pack nutrition labeling. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 150 participants, who were instructed to select the healthiest product between two foods, with eight pairs of images presented. One of the products in each pair had warnings (high in sugars, sodium, or saturated fat), evaluated in different formats according to the group in which the individual was allocated: magnifying glass, octagon, circle, triangle, and traffic light. The number of correct answers for the healthiest product in each pair and the time to correctly select of the healthiest product were measured. Results: A lower number of correct answers for the healthier product among the pairs occurred with traffic lights than with any other model (p <0.001), which is also the format in which the longest time was necessary to correctly select the healthiest product (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the other formats. In the individual analysis of the products, the circle performed better, with significantly less time required to make the correct choices in seven of the eight products. Conclusion: To support healthy food choices, any of the tested formats for frontal nutrition labeling are indicated, except for the traffic light. The circle appears to be a good option to reduce consumer's time to select healthy choices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Choice Behavior , Feeding Behavior , Food Labeling , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Legislation, Food
12.
Rev. chil. ter. ocup ; 20(1): 37-47, jun. 2020. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1362357

ABSTRACT

El estudio busca reconocer la forma, cómo se realiza la elección ocupacional de las personas que se encuentran en el ambito conocido como trabajo sexual. Alternativa de acción que determina el curso de la vida e involucran contribuciones complejas que llevan a la mujer a a abandonar roles, cambiar un patrón de hábitos, elegir e ignorar sus propias dificultades en un esfuerzo de hacerse parecer competente ante los demás, sin embargo, genera dificultades y mantienen a la población objeto de estudio atrapados en un ciclo de elecciones inadecuados y experiencias negativas. El presente proyecto busca determinar cómo el contexto personal influye en la elección ocupacional de la población trabajadora sexual. Conclusión: A través del instrumento de evaluación OPHI II y su narrativa, donde las constantes fueron el nivel volitivo y de habituación se logra establecer decisiones impulsadas por eventos críticos del pasado, conexo a condiciones de pobreza, dinámicas de calle y abandono del rol de estudiante, desencadena una insatisfacción y un bajo sentido de autoeficacia dentro de su participación ocupacional en roles y hábitos. Así mismo dentro de su comportamiento ocupacional actual se vislumbra una doble identidad "una doble vida" y una exclusión de roles familiares y sociales. Como consecuencia de este rol productivo, esta dualidad genera una modificación drástica en la interiorización, guiones y socialización de roles, siendo mutuamente excluyentes, alterando de esta forma la elección ocupacional, la estructuración de hábitos y rutinas, la ejecución de roles y el trabajo hacia metas, siendo estos aspectos los de mayor falencia, teniendo en cuenta que son mujeres que no identifican un estilo de vida ocupacional deseado, no esperan éxito y no reconocen habilidades.


To begin it is absolutely necessary to determine how occupational choice is made by sex workers. All this unrouted women to decision-making and thereby abandon roles, change habits' pattern, choose and ignore their own difficulties in an effort to make themselves appear competent to others. However, these elections generate greater difficulties among population under study. So we can concluded that they are trapped in a cycle of inadequate elections and negative experiences. Conclusion: Through the OPHI II assessment tool it was possible to discover, through narrative, in which the constants were the volitional and habituational level where driven by critical events of the past, related to conditions of poverty, street dynamics and abandonment of roles such as student, unleashing a dissatisfaction and a low sense of self-efficacy within their occupational roles and habits, as well as within their current occupational behavior is a dual identity "double life" and exclusion of family roles and social, as a consequence of the productive role, where it generates a drastic change in the internalization, scripts and socialization of roles, being mutually exclusive, thus altering the occupational choice, the structuring of habits and routines, the execution of roles and work towards goals, these being the aspects of greatest weakness, taking into account that n women who do not identify a desired occupational lifestyle, do not expect success and do not recognize skills.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Choice Behavior , Employment , Sex Workers , Sex Work , Role , Colombia
13.
Acta bioeth ; 26(1): 81-90, mayo 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1114601

ABSTRACT

Doctor moral hazard has a significant effect on the doctor-patient relationship, increases the cost of healthcare, and introduces medical risks. It is a global concern. Doctor moral hazard behaviour is evolving in response to China's healthcare reform program which was inaugurated in 2009.A scientific understanding of doctor behaviour would facilitate the prevention and control of doctor moral hazard behaviour. This study used the principles and methodology of Glaser and Strauss's grounded theory. Theoretical and snowball samplings were used to identify 60 subjects. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with each subject. Themes were identified through substantial (open) coding and theoretical coding. Six types of doctor moral hazard behaviour were extracted from the data. A behavioural model was described and diagrammed to provide a conceptual framework of current doctor moral hazard behaviour. The conceptual model of doctor moral hazard behaviour can be used in several ways to correct or prevent undesirable actions. Rules governing hospital procedures can be strengthened and enforced by supervision and punishment; the asymmetry of information between doctor and patient can be reduced; patient participation in treatment decisions can be increased; the effectiveness of medical ethics education can be improved.


Para un médico, el riesgo moral tiene un efecto significativo en la relación médico-paciente, incrementa el costo de la atención de salud e introduce riesgos en la salud. Se trata de una preocupación global. El riesgo moral del comportamiento médico ha evolucionado en respuesta al programa de reforma de atención de salud del gobierno de China, inaugurado en 2009. Un entendimiento científico del comportamiento de los médicos facilitaría la prevención y el control del riesgo moral. El presente estudio usa los principios y metodología de la teoría fundamentada de Glaser y Strauss. Se usaron muestras teóricas y multiplicativas para identificar 60 sujetos y realizar entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad. Los temas se identificaron mediante codificación sustancial abierta y teórica. De los datos se extrajeron seis tipos de riesgo moral del comportamiento médico. Se describió y diagramó un modelo de comportamiento para proporcionar una estructura conceptual del riesgo moral del comportamiento médico actual. El modelo conceptual de riesgo moral del comportamiento médico puede usarse de varias maneras para corregir o prevenir acciones no deseadas. Las normas procedimentales de los hospitales pueden fortalecerse y exigirse mediante supervisión y castigo; se puede reducir la asimetría de la información que se da entre el médico y el paciente, incrementar la participación del paciente en decisiones de tratamiento y mejorar la efectividad en la educación en ética médica.


Risco moral médico tem um efeito significativo na relação médico-paciente, aumenta o custo dos cuidados à saúde e introduz riscos médicos. É uma preocupação global. Comportamento de risco moral médico vem se desenvolvendo em resposta ao programa de reforma de cuidados à saúde da China, que se iniciou em 2009. Uma compreensão científica do comportamento médico facilitaria a prevenção e controle do comportamento de risco moral médico. Este estudo utilizou os princípios da metodologia da Teoria Fundamentada de Glaser e Strauss. Amostragem teóricas e por bola de neve foram utilizadas para identificar 60 participantes. Entrevistas detalhadas semi-estruturadas foram realizadas com cada participante. Temas foram identificados através de codificação (aberta) substancial e codificação teórica. Seis tipos de comportamento de risco moral médico foram obtidos dos dados. Um modelo comportamental foi descrito e diagramado de forma a fornecer um enquadre conceitual do comportamento de risco moral médico. O modelo conceitual de comportamento de risco moral médico pode ser utilizado de diversas formas para corrigir ou prevenir ações indesejáveis. Regras que governam procedimentos em hospitais podem ser fortalecidas e reforçadas por supervisão e punição; a assimetria de informações entre médicos e pacientes pode ser reduzida; a participação dos pacientes nas decisões sobre tratamento pode ser aumentada; e a efetividade da educação ética médica pode ser melhorada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Physicians/psychology , Health Care Reform , Morale , Physician-Patient Relations , Physicians/ethics , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Health Behavior , China , Choice Behavior , Risk , Interviews as Topic , Grounded Theory , Medical Overuse
15.
Rev. baiana enferm ; 34: e36833, 2020.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1137082

ABSTRACT

Objetivo descrever os critérios que levam a parturiente a escolher o seu acompanhante durante o trabalho de parto. Método estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido na maternidade de um hospital público de ensino de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaram 17 puérperas maiores de 18 anos. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo para explorar as falas. Resultados o critério de escolha foi o vínculo do acompanhante com a puérpera ou a disponibilidade no momento. A maioria era o próprio companheiro e pai do recém-nascido. Na análise, as falas foram organizadas em uma categoria - Critérios de escolha do acompanhante - e quatro subcategorias: Como as participantes informaram-se sobre o direito de ter um acompanhante; Reações geradas pela presença do acompanhante; Atitudes do acompanhante que causaram incômodo; Desejo de ter outro acompanhante. Conclusão a participação paterna mostrou-se um critério relevante para as parturientes.


Objetivo describir los criterios que llevan las parturientas a elegir a su compañero durante el trabajo de parto. Método estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo, desarrollado en la maternidad de un hospital público de enseñanza en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Participaron 17 mujeres puerperas mayores de 18 años. Para la recopilación de datos, se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada. El análisis de contenido se utilizó para explorar los discursos. Resultados el criterio de elección era la relación del compañero con la puerpera o la disponibilidad en el momento. La mayoría era el propio compañero y padre del recién nacido. En el análisis, las declaraciones se organizaron en una categoría - Criterios para elegir el compañero - y cuatro subcategorías: Como las participantes se informaron sobre el derecho a tener un compañero; Reacciones generadas por la presencia del compañero; Actitudes del compañero que causaron malestar; Deseo en tener otro compañero. Conclusión la participación paterna resultó ser un criterio relevante para las parturientas.


Objective to describe the criteria that lead the parturient to choose her companion during labor. Method descriptive study with a qualitative approach, developed in the maternity of a public teaching hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The participants 17 puerperas aged over 18 years. For data collection, the semi-structured interview was used. Content analysis was used to explore the speeches. Results the criterion of choice was the relationship of the companion with the puerpera or availability at the moment. Most were the newborn's own companion and father. In the analysis, the statements were organized into one category - Criteria for choosing the companion - and four subcategories: How participants were informed about the right to have a companion; Reactions generated by the companion's presence; Companion's attitudes that caused discomfort; Desire to have another companion. Conclusion paternal participation proved to be a relevant criterion for parturients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Labor, Obstetric , Choice Behavior , Medical Chaperones , Family , Humanizing Delivery
16.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 79, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | BBO, LILACS | ID: biblio-1127251

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To apply the THOR 2 multi-criteria support system to select the Brazilian navy's most suitable hospital care vessel (NAsH) to support the fight against the covid-19 pandemic. METHODS: We used the first three stages of the Soft Systems Methodology for structuring and modeling of the problem. For the evaluation and ordering of alternatives, we used the Thor 2 multi-criteria support system, comparing four classes of NAsH in the light of their operational and hospital criteria: "Dr. Montenegro," "Soares Meirelles," "Oswaldo Cruz" and "Tenente Maximiano." The chosen ship would support the amazon hospital system, which has an increasing number of cases of covid-19. RESULTS: After the application of the methods, we analyzed three distinct scenarios of ordering the alternatives, which allowed a robust sensitivity analysis, conferring greater transparency and reliability to the decision-making process. The NAsH "Oswaldo Cruz" was selected to be used in the fight against the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This study brings valuable contribution to academia and society, since it represents the application of a multi-criteria decision-aid method in the state of the art to contribute to the solution of a real problem that affects millions of people in Brazil and worldwide.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Aplicar o método multicritério THOR 2 para selecionar o navio de assistência hospitalar (NAsH) da Marinha do Brasil mais indicado para apoiar o combate à pandemia de covid-19. MÉTODOS: Para a estruturação e modelagem do problema, foram usados os três primeiros estágios da Soft Systems Methodology. Já para a avaliação e ordenação das alternativas, foi utilizado o método de análise multicritério Thor 2, comparando quatro classes de NAsH à luz de seus critérios operativos e hospitalares: "Dr. Montenegro", "Soares Meirelles", "Oswaldo Cruz" e "Tenente Maximiano". O navio escolhido apoiaria o sistema hospitalar do Amazonas, que apresenta número cada vez maior de casos de covid-19. RESULTADOS: Após a aplicação dos métodos, foi possível analisar três cenários distintos de ordenação das alternativas, o que permitiu uma análise de sensibilidade robusta, conferindo maior transparência e confiabilidade ao processo decisório. O NAsH "Oswaldo Cruz" foi selecionado para ser empregado no combate à pandemia. CONCLUSÕES: Este trabalho traz valiosa contribuição para academia e sociedade, uma vez que representa a aplicação de um método de auxílio à decisão multicritério no estado da arte para contribuir com a solução de um problema real que afeta milhões de pessoas no Brasil e no mundo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Ships , Choice Behavior , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Pandemics/prevention & control , Hospitals , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , COVID-19
17.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2020. 91 f p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367872

ABSTRACT

Considerar o contexto e o ambiente em que os indivíduos realizam suas escolhas é uma possível estratégia para melhorar escolhas alimentares. A partir do conceito de arquitetura de escolhas, têm sido sugeridas intervenções que influenciem positivamente as decisões dos indivíduos, promovendo assim hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o impacto de uma intervenção baseada em arquitetura de escolhas aplicada em refeitórios e bebedouros escolares sobre o consumo da alimentação escolar e de água. Foi conduzido um ensaio comunitário randomizado em sete escolas públicas (três do grupo controle e quatro do grupo intervenção) do município de Duque de Caxias/RJ no ano de 2017, com escolares do quinto e do sexto ano. As escolas do grupo intervenção foram expostas a alterações no ambiente escolar baseadas em estratégias de arquitetura de escolhas que incluíram: (1) confecção de um banner colorido para o cardápio diário da alimentação escolar, posicionado na parte externa do refeitório; (2) colocação de toalhas de mesa impermeáveis no refeitório; (3) confecção de displays e cartazes com frases e imagens de incentivo a hábitos alimentares saudáveis; (4) alocação de recipientes grandes e transparentes para as frutas permanecerem em destaque no refeitório; (5) elaboração de dois personagens super-heróis para incentivo ao consumo de água, frutas e verduras e; (6) inclusão de pegadas coloridas no chão que direcionavam ao refeitório e ao bebedouro escolar. A fim de avaliar o efeito da intervenção, após um mês de exposição, sobre a taxa de variação no tempo do consumo da alimentação escolar, do consumo diário de água e do consumo diário de água no bebedouro escolar, foram realizadas análises longitudinais, por intenção de tratamento, utilizando modelos de equações de estimação generalizadas para medidas repetidas. Ao todo, foram analisados dados de 982 escolares (grupo controle=363; grupo intervenção=619). Na linha de base, cerca de 46,9% dos escolares eram do sexo feminino, com idade média de 12 anos, 39,3% relataram consumo diário da alimentação escolar, 54,9% consumiam cinco ou mais copos de água ao dia e 45,7% consumiam água no bebedouro escolar três ou mais vezes ao dia. Houve aumento significativo na chance de aumentar o consumo diário de água no bebedouro escolar no grupo intervenção quando comparado ao grupo controle (OR= 1,42 IC95%= 1,05; 1,93). Para as demais variáveis de desfecho, o efeito não foi significativo. No que diz respeito ao consumo de água, estratégias de baixo custo e complexidade, baseadas no conceito de arquitetura de escolhas, podem ser promissoras para a promoção do seu consumo no ambiente escolar.


To consider the context and environment in which individuals make their choices is a possible strategy for improving food choices. Based on the concept of choice architecture, interventions focused on positively influencing individual's decisions have been suggested to promote healthy food habits. In this sense, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of an intervention based on choice architecture applied in school cafeterias and drinking fountains on the consumption of school feeding and water. A randomized community trial was conducted in seven public schools (three in the control group and four in the intervention group) in the municipality of Duque de Caxias/RJ in 2017, with fifth and sixth grade students The schools in the intervention group were exposed to changes in the school environment based on choice architecture strategies that included: (1) elaboration of a colorful banner for the daily school feeding menu, positioned outside the cafeteria; (2) placing waterproof tablecloths in the cafeteria tables; (3) manufacture of displays and posters with phrases and images to encourage healthy food habits; (4) allocation of large transparent containers with fruits to draw attention to it in the cafeteria; (5) elaboration of two superheroes characters to encourage the consumption of water, fruits and vegetables, and; (6) inclusion of colored footprints on the floor that led to the cafeteria and the school drinking fountain. In order to evaluate the effect of the intervention, after one month of exposure, on the time variation rate of school feeding, total daily water consumption and daily water consumption in the school drinking fountain, longitudinal analyzes were performed, considering groups intention to treat, using generalized estimating equations models for repeated measures. Data from 982 students were analyzed (control group = 363; intervention group = 619). At baseline, about 46.9% of all students were female, with an average age of 12 years, 39.3% reported daily consumption of school feeding, 54.9% consumed five or more glasses of water a day and 45.7% consumed water at the school drinking fountain three or more times a day. There was a significant increase in the odds of increasing daily water consumption in the school drinking fountain in the intervention group when compared to the control group (OR = 1.42 95% CI = 1.05; 1.93). It wasn't observed significant effects for further outcome variables. Regard water consumption, low cost and low complexity strategies based on choice architecture can be promising to improve water consumption in the school environment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Students , School Feeding , Choice Behavior , Drinking , Eating , Brazil , Randomized Controlled Trial
18.
Salud Publica Mex ; 62(6): 786-797, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395115

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar el uso y la comprensión subjetiva y objetiva del etiquetado frontal Guías Diarias de Alimentación (GDA) para ayudar a la población a tomar decisiones saludables respecto a los productos que consume. Material y métodos: Se evaluó el uso de la información nutrimental disponible en el empaque (GDA, tabla de información nutrimental y lista de ingredientes), así como la comprensión subjetiva y objetiva del GDA, en personas mayores de 20 años. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 43 157 personas. La tabla nutrimental fue la etiqueta más utilizada (11.1%). Apenas 24.6% (IC95%: 23.9-25.3) y 41.2% (IC95%: 40.4-42.1) clasificó correctamente el producto como nada saludable o alto en sodio, respectivamente. Estas proporciones fueron menores en adultos mayores, personas con menor nivel educativo, nivel socioeconómico bajo y área rural. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran que el etiquetado GDA no es útil para apoyar a la población vulnerable a realizar elecciones saludables.


Abstract: Objective: Evaluate the use, subjective and objective understanding of the GDA frontal labeling to assist the population towards making healthy decisions regarding the products they consume. Materials and methods: The use of nutritional information contained in products´ packages (GDA, nutritional information table, and list of ingredients), as well as the subjective and objective comprehension of the GDA labeling, were assessed among people older than 20 years old. Results: A total of 43 157 people were interviewed. Amid the labels, the nutritional table was read more frequently (11.1%). 24.6% (IC95%: 23.9-25.3) and 41.2% (IC95%: 40.4-42.1) of the interviewees classified products correctly as not healthy and high in sodium, respectively. These outcomes were smaller between the elderly, lower socioeconomic levels, lower educational levels, and rural areas. Conclusions: The results show that the GDA labeling is not useful to support the vulnerable population to make healthy decisions.


Subject(s)
Humans , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Consumer Behavior , Food Labeling , Beverages , Choice Behavior , Food , Mexico
19.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 19(4): 837-849, Sept.-Dec. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057125

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: we investigated the lifetime prevalence of abortion and life contexts and reasons reported for first abortion among women living (WLHA) and not living with HIV/AIDS(WNLHA). Methods: representative samples of 975 users of public health care reference network for HIV/AIDS and of 1,003 users of the primary care public services in São Paulo municipality were selected by cluster-stratified sampling and answered an electronic socio-behavioral questionnaire. Results: the prevalence of abortion was 11.9% (CI95%9.8-13.9) among WLHA and 3.0% (CI95%2.4-5.7) for WNLHA.Most abortions (128) among WLHA occurred before diagnosis and 28 after diagnosis or during pregnancy when diagnosis was given. The majority of women did not use any contraception at the time of the first abortion. The use of misoprostol was the most reported method. Having HIV was very important in deciding to abort for half of the WLHA. Absence of marital life and the lack of desire to have children were the most reported reasons by both groups. Conclusions: the similarity in contexts and reasons to abort among WLHA and WNLHA suggests that they share experiences molded by gender and social inequalities that affect their ability to access sexual and reproductive health resources and services.


Resumo Objetivos: investigou-se a prevalência de aborto provocado alguma vez na vida e os contextos de vida e motivos referidos para realização do primeiro aborto entre mulheres vivendo (MVHA) e não vivendo com HIV/AIDS (MNVHA). Métodos: amostras representativas de 975 usuárias da rede especializada em HIV/AIDS e de 1.003 usuárias da rede de atenção básica no município de São Paulo foram selecionadas por amostragem estratificada por conglomerados e responderam um questionário eletrônico sócio-comportamental. Resultados: a prevalência de aborto provocado foi de 11,9% (IC95%9,8-13,9) entre MVHA e de 3,0% (IC95%2,4-5,7) para MNVHA. A maioria dos abortos (128) entre MVHA ocorreu antes do diagnóstico e 28 após o diagnóstico ou na gravidez que este foi dado. A maioria das mulheres não fazia contracepção à época do primeiro aborto. O uso de miso-prostol foi o método mais referido. Ter HIV foi muito importante na decisão de abortar para metade das MVHA. Ausência de vida conjugal e o não desejo de ter filhos foram os motivos mais referidos por ambos os grupos. Conclusões: a semelhança nos contextos e motivos para a realização de aborto entre MVHA e MNVHA sugere que elas compartilham experiências moldadas por desigualdades sociais e de gênero que afetam suas possibilidades de acesso a recursos e serviços de saúde sexual e reprodutiva.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Abortion, Induced/statistics & numerical data , Primary Health Care , Sexual Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Abortifacient Agents , Choice Behavior , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Misoprostol/administration & dosage , Abortion, Induced/methods , Contraception Behavior
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